What is the priority action when caring for an unresponsive adult who is not breathing?

When caring for an unresponsive adult who is not breathing, the immediate priority is to provide CPR. This is because performing CPR helps to circulate blood and oxygen to vital organs, which is critical in a situation where the individual is not breathing and lacks a pulse. The foremost goal in such emergencies is to preserve life and prevent brain damage due to lack of oxygen.

Initiating CPR promptly can significantly increase the individual's chances of survival and recovery, particularly if it is started quickly before further medical assistance arrives. CPR includes chest compressions and, eventually, rescue breaths, but the key point in this context is the immediate action of starting compressions.

While calling for advanced medical help is crucial and checking for consciousness is a part of the assessment process, these actions should be done in conjunction with or after beginning CPR. The priority remains on providing immediate life-sustaining actions first.